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conversation piece
Conversation piece is a term for an informal group portrait, especially those painted in Britain in the 18th century, beginning in the 1720s. They are distinguished by their portrayal of the group apparently engaged in genteel conversation or some activity, very often outdoors. Typically the group will be members of a family, but friends may be included, and some groups are of friends, members of a society or hunt, or some other grouping.〔(Glossary: Conversation Piece. ) The National Gallery. Retrieved 7 December 2014.〕 Often the paintings are relatively small, about the same size as a half-length portrait but in horizontal or "landscape" format; others are much larger.
==Origins==
The genre was developed from 17th century portraiture in the Low Countries.〔Gaunt, William. (1964) ''A concise history of English painting''. London: Thames and Hudson, p. 58. ISBN 0500200165〕 The compositions of merrymaking companies (''vrolijk gezelschap'') and garden parties (''buitenpartij'') painted by artists such as Dirck Hals, David Vinckbooms, Adriaen van de Venne and Willem Buytewech were an important influence on the genre. In addition, representations of elegant companies and balls by Hieronymus Janssens and the works of Peter Paul Rubens, in particular his ''Garden of Love'' (Prado Museum), gave an impetus and direction to the development of the genre. In this last work, Rubens showed how a garden could be used as a setting for amorous dalliance and courtship.〔Mary Tavener, ''Nicolas Lancret: Dance Before a Fountain'', Holmes Getty Publications, p. 13-14〕
In the Low Countries many group portraits were painted, both of family groups and groups such as Governors or Regents of institutions, or militia officers. Frans Hals, Rembrandt and other artists had adopted a variety of poses to liven up the group portrait, for example the famous ''Night Watch''. The name derives from the Italian term, also used in English, ''sacra conversazione'' for a similarly informal painting of the Virgin and Child with saints, a genre developed in the Renaissance.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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